Actividad tripanocida de Piper solmsianum C. DC. sobre formas epimastigota y tripomastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi / Trypanocidal activity of Piper solmsianum C. DC. against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi

Introducción: la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi, conocida como enfermedad de Chagas, es un problema importante de salud pública en países de América Central y Sudamérica.Objetivo: evaluar la actividad de extractos crudos de acetato de etilo de plantas in vitro de 6-8 meses y 10-12 meses de edad, de tallos leñosos y hojas de plantas silvestres maduras y el lignano tetrahidrofurano grandisina, aislados de Piper solmsianum, sobre las formas epimastigota y tripomastigota de T. cruzi in vitro.Métodos: en la evaluación del efecto de diversos extractos crudos de acetato de etilo y grandisina de P. solmsianum, sobre la viabilidad de las formas epimastigota y tripomastigota de T. cruzi, se utilizó el método MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromuro).Resultados: en la forma epimastigota, el mejor resultado en la inhibición del crecimiento fue obtenido con 50 µg/mL de extracto de tallo y en la forma tripomastigota con 25 y 50 µg/mL de grandisina y plantas in vitro de 6-8 meses de edad, respectivamente. En todos los casos los valores de inhibición oscilaron entre 86 a 96 por ciento. Plantas in vitro de 6-8 meses de edad y grandisina fueron más activas sobre las formas epimastigota y tripomastigota de T. cruzi con valores de CI50 de 0,018 y 0,360 µg/mL, respectivamente.Conclusiones: se demuestra la actividad tripanocida de extractos de plantas silvestres y plantas in vitro de P. solmsianum(AU)

Introduction: the infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, known as Chagas' disease, poses a major public health problem in Central and South America countries.Objective: to evaluate the activity of crude ethyl acetate extracts from in vitro plants of 6-8 and 10-12 months of age, stem barks and mature wild plant leaves and tetrahydrofuran lignin grandisin isolated from Piper solmsianum against the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi in vitro.Methods: in the evaluation of the effect of various crude ethyl acetate extracts and grandisin from P. solmsianum on the viability of epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi, the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used.Results: in the epimastigote form, the best results in growth inhibition was obtained with 50 µg/mL of stem extract, and in the trypomastigote form, with 25 and 50 µg/mL of grandisin and 6-8 months-old in vitro plants, respectively. The inhibition values in all cases ranged from 86 to 96 percent. 6-8 months old in vitro plants and grandisin were found to be active against the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi with IC50 of 0.018 µg/mL and 0.360 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusions: the trypanocidal activity of extracts from wild plants and in vitro plants of P. solmsianum was proved(AU)

Suspensiones celulares y producción de metabolitos secundarios en cultivos in vitro de Piper sp / Cellular suspension and production of secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures of Piper sp

Piperaceae is an important family from neotropical American in which many biologically active compounds were identified. A survey of structural diversity and bioactivity reveals that groups of species specialize in the production of amides, phenylpropanoids, lignans and neolignans, benzoic acids and chromenes, alkaloids, polyketides, and a plethora of compounds of mixed biosynthetic origin. With this in mind, several explants obtained from in vitro plantlets were cultured in the presence of different plant growth regulator combinations (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, DICAMBA, BAP and KIN). The callus induction was depended of Piper species, explant type and plant growth regulator combinations. From a callus culture, cell suspension cultures were established and their growth and metabolite accumulation studied. The achieve results may be useful for further characterization of the activated secondary metabolites pathways in in vitro systems of various Piper species.

Piperaceae es una familia importante de la América neotropical en la que muchos compuestos biológicamente activos han sido identificados. Un estudio general sobre la diversidad estructural y bioactividad reveló que grupos de especies se especializan en la producción de amidas, fenilpropanoides, lignanos y neolignanos, ácidos benzoicos y cromenes, alcaloides, policétidos y una diversidad de compuestos de origen biosintético mixto. Con este conocimiento, diversos explantes obtenidos de plántulas in vitro se cultivaron en presencia de diferentes combinaciones de reguladores de crecimiento (AIA, ANA, 2,4-D, DICAMBA, BAP y KIN). La inducción de callos dependió de la especie de Piper, tipo de explante y las combinaciones de los reguladores de crecimiento. Suspensiones celulares se establecieron a partir de callos y estudiadas en su crecimiento y acumulación de metabolitos. Los resultados alcanzados pueden utilizarse para caracterizar rutas de producción de metabolitos secundarios, en sistemas in vitro, en varias especies de Piper.

Cultivo de tejidos de Piper sp. (Piperaceae): Propagación, organogénesis y conservación de germoplasma in vitro / Tissue culture of Piper sp. (Piperaceae): in vitro propagation, organogenesis and germplasm conservation

En el Nuevo Mundo el género iPiper (Piperaceae) comprende al menos 500 especies en las que muchos compuestos biológicamente activos fueron identificados; es por ello que el estudio sobre la química y biosíntesis de los miembros de este género son de gran interés, donde el cultivo de tejidos in vitro juega un rol fundamental. El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar varios sistemas de cultivo in vitro, en diferentes especies de Piper, con la finalidad de propagarlas clonalmente y regenerarlas por organogénesis directa para el establecimiento de plantas en campo, y la conservación y transferencia internacional de germoplasma. La germinación de semillas alcanzó aproximadamente entre el 20 y el 99% después de 4 semanas de cultivo. La micropropagación fue realizada en medio de cultivo MS suplementado con sacarosa 3%, AIA 0,02 mg L-1 y AG3 0,02 mg L-1. El potencial morfogenético de explantes de raíz, peciolo, hoja, nudo y entrenudo fue investigado con la finalidad de desarrollar un protocolo confiable de regeneración de plantas. La conservación e intercambio internacional de germoplasma in vitro también fue realizado, entre Perú, Brasil y Ecuador.

In the New World the genus Piper (Piperaceae) contains at least 500 species in which many biologically active compounds were identified; is why the study of the chemistry and biosynthesis in members of this genus are of interest, and here techniques in vitro tissue culture plays a fundamental role. The aim of this work was to establish several in vitro culture systems in different Piper species in order to propagate clonally and regenerate by direct organogenesis for the establishment the field plants, the conservation and international germoplasm exchange. The seed germination achieved approximately 20 - 99% after 4 weeks of culture. The micropropagation was performed on MS culture medium supplemented with sucrose (3%), IAA (0,02 mg L-1) and GA3 (0,02 mg L-1). Callus induction and morphogenetic potential of root, petiole, leaf, node and internode explants was investigated to develop a reliable plant regeneration protocol. The in vitro germplasm conservation and international germplasm exchange also was realized, between Perú, Brazil and Ecuador.

Grandisin caused morphological changes larval and toxicity on Aedes aegypti

Dengue is a tropical disease caused by an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Since no effective vaccine is available for treating dengue, the present study focused on population vector control through investigating the use of the lignan grandisin, isolated from Piper solmsianum C. DC., Piperaceae, against the larvae of A. aegypti. Grandisin caused larval (L3) mortality at LC50 150 µg/mL. Histological analysis on A. aegypti larvae treated with grandisin (LC50 50 µg/mL) showed changes in the anterior-middle midgut, with intense tissue destruction and cell disorganization.

Insect feeding preferences on Piperaceae species observed in São Paulo city, Brazil

Piperaceae species have been placed among the basal angiosperm and are adapted to a variety of habitats including moist forests, secondary vegetation and dry high lands. The major anatomical/morphology features are of small trees, vines, and shrubs for Piper species, while the epiphytic and succulent characteristics are predominant forms among Peperomia species. Their secondary chemistry can be mostly represented by amides, phenylpropanoids/lignoids, and chromenes in addition to a phletoria of biosynthetically mixed-origin secondary compounds. Although several amides and lignans are known as insecticides, several phytophagous insects, among which some considered pests of economic importance, have been observed feeding vigorously on Piperaceae species. Herein we describe the feeding preferences of fourteen phytophagous species of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera over approximately fifty Piperaceae species observed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in a long-term basis.

As espécies de Piperaceae têm sido posicionadas entre as angiospermas basais e são frequentemente encontradas em habitats diversificados que incluem matas ciliares, vegetação secundária e campos rupestres. As espécies de Piper possuem hábitos de plantas herbáceas, arboretos e trepadeiras enquanto que, no caso de Peperomia, é freqüente o hábito de epífitas e suculentas. As classes de metabólitos secundários que caracterizam espécies de Piperaceae são amidas, fenilpropanóides/lignóides e cromenos, além de diversos outros de origem biossintética mista de menor representatividade. Apesar de muitos desses possuírem atividades inseticidas, diversos insetos fitófagos, alguns considerados pragas de importância econômica, foram observados alimentando-se de espécies de Piperaceae. Neste trabalho são relatadas as preferências alimentares de quatorze espécies fitófagas de Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hemiptera sobre aproximadamente cinqüenta espécies de Piperaceae observadas em São Paulo, SP, Brasil, durante um período de quatro anos.